Drying out of small prairie wetlands after conversion of their catchments from cultivation to permanent brome grass
نویسندگان
چکیده
Water level data have been collected since 1968 for small wetlands within a 385 ha area in the northern prairie region of Canada. The uplands around the wetlands were under dryland cultivation prior to 1968 and there was no significant change of land use until 1980. Between 1980 and 1983 about one-third of the area was converted to a permanent undisturbed cover of smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis) and some alfalfa (Medicago saliva) with the purpose of providing improved bird nesting habitat. The remainder of the area continued in cultivation. Wetlands within the grassed area dried out within a few years after conversion of their catchments to permanent brome grass, whereas wetlands in the neighbouring cultivated area retained water as before. Within the area of permanent grass cover springtime snowmelt runoff essentially ceased. These observations demonstrate that the water balance of prairie wetlands is very sensitive to the land use on the surrounding uplands. Assèchement de petites zones humides des prairies après transformation de leurs bassins de cultures en herbages Résumé Les niveaux de l'eau de petites zones humides situées à l'intérieur d'un périmètre de 385 ha du nord de la région des prairies au Canada ont été mesurées depuis 1968. Les terres environnantes plus élevées étaient auparavant cultivées en sec et il n'y a pas eu de modification significative de leur utilisation jusqu'en 1980. De 1980 à 1983 environ un tiers des terres ont été transformées en prairies permanentes recouvertes de brome (Bromus inermis) et d'un peu d'alfalfa (Medicago sativa) dans le but de procurer une aire de nidification aux oiseaux, le reste du périmètre demeurant cultivé. Les zones humides situées dans les parties enherbées se sont desséchées en peu d'années après la transformation en prairies de leur bassin d'alimentation, alors que les zones humides situées à l'intérieur des parties cultivées continuaient à être maintenues en eau. Dans la partie constituée de prairies permanentes, l'écoulement de printemps des eaux de fonte de neige a pratiquement cessé. Ces observations montrent la sensibilité du bilan en eau des zones humides de la région des prairies à l'utilisation des sols avoisinants.
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تاریخ انتشار 1999